The safety performance of portable power station (portable energy storage power supply) is guaranteed by four core dimensions: battery cell selection, hardware protection design, software intelligent management and control, and structure and material optimization. At the same time, it needs to be used in coordination with compliance certification and specification, as follows:
First, the core: high-quality batteries are the foundation of safety.
Battery core is the energy core of portable power station, and its quality directly determines the safety bottom line.
Mainstream safety battery type
At present, the mainstream and safe battery is LiFePO₄ (lithium iron phosphate battery), which has obvious advantages compared with the traditional ternary lithium battery:
Strong thermal stability: the thermal runaway temperature is above 500℃, far exceeding the 200-300℃ of ternary lithium, and it is not easy to cause fire and explosion due to high temperature, puncture and extrusion.
Long cycle life: the charge and discharge cycle can reach 3000–6000 times, the battery cell decays slowly during use, and the safety decreases slightly after aging.
Good overcharge and overdischarge tolerance: even if overcharge or overdischarge occurs, the cell structure is not easy to be damaged, reducing the risk of short circuit.
Battery screening standard
Regular manufacturers will choose A-class batteries, refuse to disassemble second-hand batteries or B-class batteries, and at the same time carry out consistency testing on batteries to ensure the performance synchronization of batteries during charging and discharging and avoid local overheating.
Second, hardware protection: multi-layer circuit protection (BMS core role)
Battery management system (BMS) is the "safe brain" of portable power station, which cooperates with hardware circuit to realize all-round protection;
Core protection function
Overcharge/overdischarge protection: automatically cut off the power after charging to the rated voltage, and stop the output when discharging to the lowest safe voltage to prevent the battery cell from being damaged.
Over-current/short-circuit protection: when the output current exceeds the rated value or a short circuit occurs, the circuit will be cut off instantly to avoid overheating and burning of the line.
Over-temperature/low-temperature protection: Built-in temperature sensor can start cooling or stop when the temperature is too high (such as > 60℃); When the temperature is too low (such as <-10℃), charging is prohibited to prevent lithium precipitation from causing short circuit.
Reverse connection protection: When the positive and negative poles of the external equipment are reversed, the output will not be started to avoid damaging the power station and equipment.
Auxiliary hardware protection
Heat dissipation system: adopt fan active heat dissipation or aluminum alloy shell passive heat dissipation to ensure rapid heat dissipation during high power output and avoid local high temperature.
Flame-retardant shell: the shell is made of ABS+PC flame-retardant material, which can prevent the fire from spreading even if there is abnormality inside.
Insulation design: the internal circuit is insulated from the shell to prevent leakage and electric shock.
Third, software and intelligent control: dynamic monitoring and early warning
Real-time monitoring: BMS collects battery cell voltage, current and temperature data in real time, and once the parameters exceed the standard, the protection mechanism will be triggered immediately.
Intelligent adjustment: automatically match the output power for different loads (such as mobile phones, refrigerators, electric drills) to avoid the overload caused by connecting low-power equipment to high-power ports.
Fault early warning: some high-end models support display screen or App early warning, and remind users in advance when there are problems such as abnormal batteries and excessive temperature.
Fourth, structure and materials: strengthening impact resistance and environmental adaptability
Anti-fall and anti-seismic design: the internal battery core is wrapped with fixed bracket or cushioning material, and the corners of the shell are reinforced or rounded to deal with daily falls and bumps (such as vehicle transportation).
Waterproof and dustproof: Some models reach IP65 protection level, which can adapt to outdoor rainy and dusty environment (note: waterproof does not mean soaking).
Fire-proof and flame-retardant: except the shell, the internal wiring is made of flame-retardant wire, and the interface is made of high-temperature resistant material to reduce the risk of fire.
V. Compliance certification: authoritative testing is a safe "passport"
Regular portable power stations need to pass the authoritative safety certification at home and abroad, and the certification standards in different markets are different:
Domestic: 3C certification (compulsory product certification in China) and GB/T 30241 standard (safety requirements for portable energy storage power supply).
International: UL 2743 (North American Safety Standard), CE (European Union Safety Certification), PSE (Japan Safety Certification), KC (Korea Safety Certification).
Note: the safety performance of unlicensed and miscellaneous products cannot be guaranteed, so do not buy them.
Vi. Standardized use: the security of the client
Even if the product itself is safe, improper use will also lead to risks. Please pay attention to:
Avoid charging or using in a high-temperature environment (such as a car exposed to the sun) and stay away from open flames.
Do not mix non-original chargers, and ensure voltage and current matching when charging.
Do not disassemble, puncture or impact the power station to prevent battery cells from being damaged.
When not in use for a long time, keep the power at about 50%, store it in a cool and dry place, and replenish it regularly.
summary
The safety of portable power station is the comprehensive result of "battery+BMS+structural materials+compliance certification". When purchasing, give priority to lithium iron phosphate batteries, brand products with complete BMS protection and authoritative certification, and standardize their use at the same time, so as to ensure safety to the greatest extent.
