Portable Power Supply: Ferrous lithium phosphate (LFP)vs Lithium Ternary (NCM) Core Difference
Both are lithium-ion batteries, but the cathode materials are different, which leads to completely opposite safety, weight, life, cold resistance and price. The following is a popular comparison:
I. Overview of Basic Parameters
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Comparative dimension Ferrous lithium phosphate (outdoor power supply is now mainstream) ternary lithium (commonly used in old portable power supply and charging treasure)
Thermal runaway temperature/safety is only decomposed at 500 ~ 800℃, and most of the needle extrusion only smokes, which is not flammable. When the safety is extremely strong, it is easy to explain oxygen, and the puncture is easy to catch fire, and the lower safety limit is lower.
The cycle life (80% capacity left) is 3000 ~ 5000 times, which can last for 8~12 years, and the attenuation is 1000 ~ 2000 times slower, generally 5~7 years, and the attenuation is faster with frequent fast charging.
The energy density (weight/volume) is low (150–220 Wh/kg), the same power is heavier, the fuselage is bigger and higher (200–300 Wh/kg), the same capacity is lighter and smaller, and the portability is better.
The low-temperature performance is obviously power-off at 0℃, and the capacity at -20℃ is only about 50%. In winter in the north, it is very short of electricity, and it can still retain 70%+ capacity at-20℃, which is more resistant to cold.
Fast charging ability: conventional charging is slow, high-rate fast charging cost is high, fast charging is faster, and high-current fast charging is better.
Raw materials & the cost does not contain cobalt and nickel, and the raw materials are cheap. The total cost of the same capacity is 20% ~ 30% lower, and the batteries are more expensive.
The voltage platform is 3.2V, the voltage curve is gentle, the power estimation is easily inaccurate to 3.6/3.7V, the voltage changes obviously, and the power display is more accurate.
Second, detailed explanation item by item
1. Security (maximum watershed)
Ferrous lithium phosphate has great advantages: the crystal structure is stable, it is not easy to release oxygen at high temperature, and it is difficult to catch fire and explode when overcharged, squeezed, bumped and punctured. It is suitable for emergency use at home, unattended use in the car and in the field, which is also the standard reason for large-capacity outdoor power supply.
Ternary lithium: the positive electrode has high activity, and the chain heat release is easy to get out of control at high temperature, and the fire speed is fast. Small-capacity charging treasure and early light and portable power supply are much used.
2. Weight and portability
The same 2 kWh (2000Wh):
Ferrous lithium phosphate's whole machine is heavier and difficult to carry;
Lithium ternary is smaller and lighter, which is suitable for frequent hiking and short-distance lightweight travel.
3. Service life (long-term use cost)
Ferrous lithium phosphate: Many times of charging and discharging, repeated use all the year round, long-term plug-in energy storage, small capacity attenuation after many years, long-term more cost-effective.
Lithium ternary has a short service life, and its capacity drops obviously after four or five years of use, and the replacement frequency is higher.
4. Differences in winter use (focus in the north)
Year-round, normal temperature environment in the south: Ferrous lithium phosphate is enough;
Winter in the north, camping below zero and outdoor in low temperature: ternary lithium actually has more available electricity, and Ferrous lithium phosphate's battery life in winter is easy to be "halved".
5. Charging speed
Under the same power charger, the lithium ternary charge is faster as a whole; Although the new high-capacity Ferrous lithium phosphate also does high-power fast charging, the cost of the same specification is higher.
Third, how to choose a portable power supply?
Ferrous lithium phosphate is more suitable.
Household emergency power supply, long-term garage/balcony standby
Camping in the south all the year round, high-power induction cooker/rice cooker is frequently used.
Want to use it for more than 8 years, pursue durability and safety first.
Value long-term cost performance and don't want to change batteries frequently.
Lithium ternary is more suitable.
I often go hiking on my back and pursue lightness and compactness.
Outdoor use of high frequency in winter in northeast/cold regions
Small-capacity portable and fast power supply requirements
